Urdu Language Speaking States In India

The Department of Urdu at Assam University was established in 2017. Urdu, which is one of the most developed modern Indian languages, has centuries-old history and a rich literary tradition. It has its origins in the western part of present Uttar Pradesh and areas around Delhi, but, unlike most of the other Indian languages, it is not confined to these areas or a single geographical area. The native Urdu speaking people are to be found all over the Indian subcontinent.

The language also enjoys the status of one of the official languages of some of the provinces of India. Its role in the promotion of cultural and communal harmony and in the freedom struggle of the country is well known. Urdu is one of the national languages under the 8th Schedule of the Indian constitution. In Jammu and Kashmir, it is the language for official communication. Millions of people in northern India speak Urdu as their mother tongue. It is also largely used by the media as well as the entertainment industry.

Currently, a large section of Indian society loves to learn and speak Urdu for understanding Urdu poetry and reading about the glorious history and culture of medieval India and also modern India. Urdu, for millions of Indians, is not only a language but is an integral part of their cultural identity. Hindi and Urdu are generally considered to be one spoken language with two different literary traditions. That means that Hindi and Urdu speakers who shop in the same markets have no problems understanding each other -- they'd both say yeh kitne kaa hay for 'How much is it? And the Urdu one will be یہ کتنے کا ہے؟ Hindi is written from left to right in the Devanagari script, and is the official language of India, along with English.

Urdu, on the other hand, is written from right to left in the Nastaliq script and is the national language of Pakistan. It's also one of the official languages of the Indian states of Bihar and Jammu & Kashmir. Considered as one, these tongues constitute the second most spoken language in the world, sometimes called Hindustani. In their daily lives, Hindi and Urdu speakers communicate in their 'different' languages without major problems. Both Hindi and Urdu developed from Classical Sanskrit, which appeared in the Indus Valley at about the start of the Common Era. The first old Hindi poetry was written in the year 769 AD, and by the European Middle Ages it became known as 'Hindvi'.

Muslim Turks invaded the Punjab in 1027 and took control of Delhi in 1193. They paved the way for the Islamic Mughal Empire, which ruled northern India from the 16th century until it was defeated by the British Raj in the mid-19th century. It was at this time that the language of this book began to take form, a mixture of Hindvi grammar with Arabic, Persian and Turkish vocabulary. The Muslim speakers of Hindvi began to write in the Arabic script, creating Urdu, while the Hindu population incorporated the new words but continued to write in Devanagari script.

Being the 07th largest country in the world, India is full of traditions and cultural diversity. Among the diversities we have the language is one of the key factors. More than19,500 languages or dialects are spoken in India as mother tongues, according to the latest analysis of the census.

There are 121 languages which are spoken by 10,000 or more people in India, which has a population of 121 crores. At the same time, this is a hindrance to both public and private affairs. So to unify the government affairs and to ease the communication among various groups, the constitution identified 22 languages as the official languages of various states and communities. In India, although Urdu is not and never was used exclusively by Muslims , the ongoing Hindi–Urdu controversy and modern cultural association of each language with the two religions has led to fewer Hindus using Urdu.

In part because the Pakistani government proclaimed Urdu the national language at Partition, the Indian state and some religious nationalists began to regard Urdu as a 'foreign' language, to be viewed with suspicion. Urdu advocates in India disagree whether it should be allowed to write Urdu in the Devanagari and Latin script to allow its survival, or whether this will only hasten its demise and that the language can only be preserved if expressed in the Perso-Arabic script. Urdu, which was often referred to by the British administrators in India as the Hindustani language, was promoted in colonial India by British policies to counter the previous emphasis on Persian. Urdu replaced Persian as the official language of India in 1837 and was made co-official, along with English. Languages in India are categorized into language families based on their different linguistic or­igins, which often include different scripts as well. The main language families include Dravidian, Indo–Aryan, and Sino–Tibetan.

Bodo is the Sino–Tibetan language spoken in northeastern Indian states with the most speakers (1.4 million). Languages considered to be mother tongues or regional languages in the south of India have grammatical structures and scripts with Dravidian roots, and languages used in the central and northern regions of India are part of the Indo–Aryan family of languages. Many central and northern Indian languages use scripts derived from the Nagari script.

Contemporary variations of Hindi use the Devanagari script, and scripts used in Gujarati, Punjabi, and Marathi use Nagari-derived scripts or versions of Devanagari that include some differences in their alphabets. Open doors to new career paths in the age of globalization–and engage with Bollywood culture on a deeper level–by studying Hindi-Urdu language and literature. Hindi is the official language of India, spoken in different regional variations in many northern Indian states, as well as throughout the South Asian diaspora of the Western world. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and commonly spoken in India.

Urdu Language Is Spoken In Which State In India You will learn the similarities between Hindi and Urdu, including their shared grammar and vocabulary, even though they are written in two different scripts and have distinct literary canons. Today, there are twenty-eight states in India and eight union territories, or areas directly gov­erned by the federal government, and each state has at least one official language and many have two, in addition to English. In this way, with unique languages and scripts attributed to each state, India often seems like a collection of distinct countries due to the cultural and linguistic differences between states. Due to this vast diversity in languages and the way language is closely tied to identity, sometimes there are also struggles along religious and political lines that play out through language. Hindu nationalists engage in movements to spread the use of Hindi and Sanskrit as a means to spread the Hindu religion as well. Some have also felt that the distinct regional languages of states should indicate that people who do not speak those languages from birth should not be allowed to reside and work in states where they do not belong to the linguistic community.

This was the message of the conservative party, the Shiv Sena, in Maharashtra. In the Delhi region of India the native language was Khariboli, whose earliest form is known as Old Hindi . It belongs to the Western Hindi group of the Central Indo-Aryan languages. The contact of the Hindu and Muslim cultures during the period of Islamic conquests and in the Indian subcontinent led to the development of Hindustani as a product of a composite Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb. In cities such as Delhi, the Indian language Old Hindi began to acquire many Persian loanwords and continued to be called "Hindi" and later, also "Hindustani". In southern India , a form of the language flourished in medieval India and is known as Dakhini, which contains loanwords from Telugu and Marathi.

An early literary tradition of Hindavi was founded by Amir Khusrau in the late 13th century. From the 13th century until the end of the 18th century the language now known as Urdu was called Hindi, Hindavi, Hindustani, Dehlavi, Lahori, and Lashkari. The Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate established Persian as its official language in India, a policy continued by the Mughal Empire, which extended over most of northern South Asia from the 16th to 18th centuries and cemented Persian influence on Hindustani.

The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Nastaleeq writing system – which was developed as a style of Persian calligraphy. Six languages also hold the title of classical languages , which are determined to have a history of recorded use for more than 1,500 years and a rich body of literature. Furthermore, for a contemporary language to also be a classical language, it must be an original language and cannot be a variety, such as a dialect, stemming from another language.

Just as there are many people who wish for their mother tongues to be recognized as official, scheduled languages, there are also efforts to add Indian languages to the list of classical languages. Once a language has the official status of a classical language, the Ministry of Education organizes international awards for scholars of those languages, sets up language studies centers, and grants funding to universities to promote the study of the language. Interestingly, the Constitution of India lists no national language for the country as a whole. India, a union of states, is a sovereign, secular, democratic, republic with a parliamentary system of government. India, one of the most diverse nations in the world, is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories for administrative purposes. The tradition, culture, art, language and food vary from state to state and are unique to each region.

The world's second-largest populated country is the house of more than languages, making it the most linguistically diversified nation. Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in articles 343 to 351. Even though the Constitution does not specify the official language at t present, the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution specifies 22 languages . Paradoxically for Gandhi and his supporters, English represented a dividing force that emphasized the distance between educated Indian elites, who were more aligned with British colonizers, and non-En­glish-speaking, often-uneducated masses. Gandhi maintained that to have a successful Independence movement was to govern through Indian ways, including through Indian regional languages.

During the late colonial period, Gandhi addressed audiences from 1916 to 1928 over English linguistic colo­nization in education. Hin­dustani, later known as a variety of Hindi and Urdu, is not commonly spoken across all of India, and it is considered a northern Indian regional language since it is distinct from the language families and scripts used in south India. English, therefore, served as a utilitarian language to connect disparate and diverse areas of the newly unified country, as it still does today. Now, Indian English, with a unique vocabulary and accent, is a recognized variety of English in the world.

Hindi is the official language of the Republic of India and the most widely spoken language in South Asia. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, one of the official languages of India, and a tremendously important strategic language in South Asia. With a common vocabulary and grammar, in their basic form, Hindi and Urdu are generally considered to be the same language written in two different scripts. Urdu, belonging to the Indo-European family of languages, is the official language of Pakistan and one of the 15 officially recognized languages of India. Though it is the mother tongue of about 50 million people, it is spoken and understood by almost the whole population of Pakistan and is the primary means of written communication in that country.

Being quite similar to spoken Hindi, it is widely understood in India, and the Indian film industry has given it a great boost. Urdu boasts an extremely rich literary tradition, which has enriched itself for centuries and continues to do so even in our times. Everyone have there culture and language we don't to be same for any development purpose also, development need not language.

The Urdu speaking populace's linguistic aspiration backed by Articles 29 and 30 of India's Constitution of India, 1950. The protection of the linguistic minority was ensured through the National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities. Urdu was recognized as one of the languages under the eighth schedule of India's Constitution, 1950. It is recognized as an official language in many states of India. There is no research in identifying the gap between the constitutional ideal and reality in inculcating Urdu languages officially and non-officially in India among the spoken linguistic minority. But the Indian Constitution is not a self-enforcing document and requires the executive action and substantive infrastructure for compulsory educations in the Urdu language and mother tongue.

However, despite the rise of the Muslim population, the Urdu speaking population did not rise proportionately over the last six decades. The paper takes a legal stance on the constitutional status of Urdu in India. Hindi belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European family of languages.

Hindi is also the official language of Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In Chhattisgarh, one of the dialects of Hindi, namely Chhattisgarhi, has recently been made the official language of the state. According to the Census of India, 2001, Hindi is spoken by 422,048,642 speakers which include the speakers of its various dialects and variations of speech grouped under Hindi.

Historically, Hindustani developed in the post-12th century period under the impact of the incoming Afghans and Turks as a linguistic modus vivendi from the sub-regional apabhramshas of north-western India. Its first major folk poet was the great Persian master, Amir Khusrau (1253–1325), who is known to have composed dohas and riddles in the newly-formed speech, then called 'Hindavi'. Through the medieval time, this mixed speech was variously called by various speech sub-groups as 'Hindavi', 'Zaban-e-Hind', 'Hindi', 'Zaban-e-Dehli', 'Rekhta', 'Gujarii. 'Dakkhani', 'Zaban-e-Urdu-e-Mualla', 'Zaban-e-Urdu', or just 'Urdu'. By the late 11th century, the name 'Hindustani' was in vogue and had become the lingua franca for most of northern India. A sub-dialect called Khari Boli was spoken in and around Delhi region at the start of 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was established.

Khari Boli gradually became the prestige dialect of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) and became the basis of modern Standard Hindi & Urdu. The Constitution is largely silent on the issue of a national language. The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution makes note of 22 regional languages, including Hindi. Hindi is limited to particular regions in the country — just like Bengali, Gujarati, Odia, or Kannada. However, the confusion began when, under Article 343 of the Official Languages Act, Hindi in Devanagari script and English were designated as the "official languages" — that is, languages used for official correspondence.

One can see there is a careful balance to multilingualism in India. In this way, the cultivation and practices of multilingualism in India lends itself to more than just a preservation of unique, regional identities but has great impact on how Indians interact with fellow Indians and much of the world. Multilingual­ism in India defines the nation within global and national networks and communities for business, education, and media. As language plays an important part in our daily interactions, multilingualism and linguistic diversity in India have shaped the country and unique cultural practices and policies within it. A comparison of Urdu and Hindi-speaking population in the non-Hindi speaking States has been made in Table VB. However, in non-Hindi speaking States as a whole, Urdu is spoken by a higher proportion of people of the State than Hindi.

In major non-Hindi States like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, Urdu outranks Hindi. Among all national languages Urdu and Sindhi are the only languages, which have no State base. Hindi, on the other hand, is the official language of the Union and also of 10 States .

Urdu is the sole national, and one of the two official languages of Pakistan . It is spoken and understood throughout the country, whereas the state-by-state languages are the provincial languages, although only 7.57% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as their first language. Its official status has meant that Urdu is understood and spoken widely throughout Pakistan as a second or third language. It is used in education, literature, office and court business, although in practice, English is used instead of Urdu in the higher echelons of government. Article 251 of the Pakistani Constitution mandates that Urdu be implemented as the sole language of government, though English continues to be the most widely used language at the higher echelons of Pakistani government. In 1973, Urdu was recognised as the sole national language of Pakistan – although English and regional languages were also granted official recognition.

When changes took place, and Pali ceased to be a spoken language, as also Ardha-Magadhi. Apabhramsha—that is to say, a form of spoken Prakrit—now occupied the field. This Apabhramsha also developed a literature which is found scattered all over northern India.

In the 12th century there were several Apabhramshas in use, but of these one called the Saurseni is of paramount importance. The Saurseni Apabhramsha is the mother of the dialects now spoken in the midland region. Telangana has two languages, Telugu and Urdu, as its official languages, with a sizeable Urdu-speaking Muslim population. The second-most-populous country in the world , the federal union of India is divided into 28 states and eight "union territories", which are essentially fledgling states overseen by the national government. The Parliament of India has the sole power to create new states and union territories .

The people of India speak a wealth of languages—22 are listed in the country's constitution, and more than 450 have been cataloged—and state boundaries are typically determined by the primary language spoken in the region. Visual media as well caters to regional language-speaking audiences, where local news broad­casts will be in the regional language and national news segments or specific programs will take place in Hindi. It is also becoming increasingly common for English to be used as part of code-switching practices in visual media, though English-only Indian broadcasts may be available at certain times or through special subscriptions or satellite television programming. In India, many regions have local film industries as well, where movies and television shows are produced in regional languages. Bollywood, the largest film industry in India, is located in Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra and produces films in Hindi.